Copyright & Permissions

As an open access journal, IJWS makes all content freely available, with copyright retained by the author(s).

Articles published in Volumes 1–21 Issue 2 (2004–2025) are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY ND 4.0). Users may read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, link, or use the full texts for any lawful purpose, provided the integrity of the work is preserved and the original authors, citation details, and publisher are acknowledged.

Articles from Volume 22 Issue 1 (2026) onward are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0). Users may read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, link, adapt, or use the full texts for any lawful non-commercial or commercial purpose, provided the original authors, citation details, and publisher are acknowledged. Adaptations, translations, and modifications are permitted under this license. Each article will carry the note:

© Year The Author(s). Published by Forum Multimedia Publishing. This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Updated on January  20, 2026